They were used as service animals until 2010. Many people, both legally and illegally, keep these monkeys as pets, due to their physical attractiveness. These white-fronted, extremely furry little monkeys are considered to be the most intelligent of the New World monkeys. Ecuadorian capuchin (Cebus aequatorialis) There is still a debate of whether or not the squirrel monkey found in Ecuador is a species that is separate from the other squirrel monkeys.ģ. “Common squirrel monkeys” are a non-endangered subspecies found in Ecuador. Squirrel monkeys in Central America are classified as endangered, but the squirrel monkeys found in South America, including in Ecuador, are not classified as such. Unlike other rainforest monkeys, they do not use their tails to climb. These monkeys can live in groups of up to 500. Squirrel monkeys are tiny primates, weighing less than three pounds on average! Though small, these monkeys like to live big…in big groups, that is. They can weigh up to 22 pounds, and have tails that are three feet long! There are two howler monkey subspecies that are currently endangered- the Yucatán black howler (found in Central America) and the Maranhão Red-handed howler (native to Brazil.) The Ecuadorian mantled howler is luckily not endangered.Ģ. Ecuadorian mantled howler (Alouatta palliata aequatorialis)Īs the name suggests, howler monkeys like to make some noise! Their territorial calls can be heard up to three miles away, in fact. This phrasing refers to the theory that 40 million years ago there was a split between the Simiiformes infraorder, which led to the evolution of the current South and Central American monkeys we are familiar with, while the second half (African apes) became known as the Old World monkeys.ĥ monkeys that can be found in Ecuador 1. These monkeys, and actually all monkeys that are native to South America, are referred to as New World monkeys. Monkeys that call the Amazon Rainforest home can be referred to us “rainforest monkeys.” Monkey species that are native to rainforests include howler monkeys, spider monkeys, capuchin monkeys, squirrel monkeys, tamarins and marmosets. No wonder so many monkeys live in the Amazon it is a tropical, yet humid, paradise. The gentle chirping of brightly-colored birds, the flow of a river, the crunch of deep green leaves on the floor. The objective of this paper is to familiarize pathologists with the use of primates in research as well as lesions and nonlesions (normal anatomy or physiology) of primates that may influence study design and confound interpretation.Ah, the rainforest. Other histologic changes and normal anatomic variations may be confusing to individuals not routinely examining primate tissues. The second important lesson in this "primer" is: "not test article related" does not always mean "normal." Lymphoid nodules in bone marrow or salivary gland, a common background finding in macaques, often signal the presence of type D retrovirus. For example type D retrovirus infection is accompanied by lymphomas in cynos, but not rhesus. There are also variations in disease manifestations, even among closely related primate species such as rhesus and cynomolgus macaques (cynos). Differences in ovarian histology between Old and New World monkeys probably relate to steroid receptor biology as well. Differences between taxa are exemplified by the glucocorticoid resistance of New World monkeys compared to Old World monkeys, which results in the requirement for Vitamin D3 and their high circulating levels of steroids such as cortisone and progesterone. Several taxonomic groups of primates are used in research including: prosimians, such as galagos and lemurs New World monkeys, particularily marmosets Old World monkeys, especially macaques and baboons and the chimpanzee, an African ape. Brand names (ie, species and subspecies) are important. The first very important lesson in the "primer" is: there is no such thing as a generic monkey. To effectively use primates as models, their gross and histologic anatomy, physiology and natural history, as well as common health problems and the source from which the primate is obtained, must be known and understood by pathologists involved in study design and/or interpretation. Nonhuman primates are important laboratory animals for biomedical, pharmacology, and toxicology research.
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